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Introduction:Placenta is a mirror which reflects the antepartum status of fetus in utero. Our present study aimed to analyse the morphometry of placenta in normal and assisted reproduction.Subjects and Methods:30 Placentas of natural conception and 42 placentas of assisted reproduction (18 cases of singleton pregnancies, 12 cases of twin pregnancies) were collected from OG department, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and from private fertility centre in and around Chidambaram immediately after delivery. Morphometric dimensions of placenta like thickness, diameter, area, number of cotyledons were measured placental weight, fetal weight were also measured.Results:Placental weight of natural conception was 489 ± 107.84 grams, 316.78 ± 88.24 grams in assisted reproduction. Thickness of placenta was 2.767 ± 0.68 cm in natural conception, 1.78 ± 0.68 cm in assisted reproduction. Number of cotyledons, fetal weight, feto - placental ratio were also reduced in assisted reproduction.Conclusion:This is the first study to analyse the morphometric dimensions of placenta in natural conception and in assisted reproduction. Overall there was a reduction in all dimensions of placenta in assisted reproduction. This will be useful for pediatricians who handle the newborns of assisted reproduction.
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Background: Malnutrition is an important factor that influences the course of pregnancy and fetal development. It is a serious international problem which leads to a deficiency of metals, trace elements, vitamins, and proteins. Much attention has been given to the effects associated with protein deficiency. Nowadays the effects due to the deficiency of trace elements have been given much importance. Trace elements are essential for life. Deficient intake- leads to impairment of some functions. The impairment may be corrected by intake of the element in physiological amount. With the deficiency of these elements, the organisms can neither grow nor complete its life cycle. Death of an organism results when there is an absolute deficiency. Aim: To compare serum iron and zinc level in term and preterm babies. Materials and methods: Sixty pregnant women who came from in and around Chidambaram who fulfilled the inclusion criteria during the period from July 2001 to March 2002 were included in this study. Among them, 50 delivered at term (37 to 42 weeks) and the rest delivered prematurely (< 37 weeks). Serum iron and zinc level were estimated by standardized technique. The results are analyzed accordingly. Results: The estimated mean iron value for the term babies was found to be 114.34 μg/dl with the standard deviation of 34 μg/dl. In case of preterm babies, the estimated mean value for iron was found R. Manimozhi Malathi, S. Ramesh, D. Rajkumar. Comparative study of serum iron and zinc levels in term and preterm babies delivered in RMMCH. IAIM, 2018; 5(9): 58-62. Page 59 to be 97.35 μg/dl with the standard deviation of 46 μg/dl. The mean zinc value of term babies was found to be 76.26 μg/dl with the standard deviation of 23 μg/dl. For preterm babies mean zinc value was found to be 56.53 μg/dl with the standard deviation of 29 μg /dl. Conclusion: Preterm birth deprives the fetus of a significant accumulation of iron in storage that occurs beyond 32nd week, total body iron deposits in tissues, Hb and zinc are low in premature babies. Iron deficiency affects perinatal growth, maturation, and function of multiple organ systems including the heart, skeletal muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and brain. Anemia of prematurity has been defined as low hematological constant levels of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), serum iron, number of erythrocytes, the reticulocytes.
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Introduction: Cigarette smoking is one of the major causes of cancer and cardiovascular diseases leading to millions of premature deaths each year all over the world. Scientists have identified about 4,000 different substances in tobacco all of which have certain degree of toxic effects. At least 43 of them are known carcinogens. Cigarette smoking is an important and independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disorders. Apart from active smokers, passive-smokers are also prone for the development of smoking related disorders. Smoking adversely affects the concentration of the coagulation profiles which causes abnormalities in circulation. Aim and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking on coagulation profile in chronic smoking population. Materials and methods: This present study was a case‐control study conducted among 50 smokers (subjects) and 50 non‐smokers (controls) aged 20‐50. Coagulation profile markers such as Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen levels were estimated with standard methods. Results: The results showed that the mean values of PT and APTT of smokers were significantly prolonged compared to non-smokers (P < 0.05), while platelet and fibrinogen levels were significantly lowered in smokers compared to non-smokers (P < 0.05). PT and APTT were also significantly prolonged with increasing duration of smoking as well as number of cigarettes per day, while there was a relative decrease in platelet and fibrinogen levels with increasing duration and number per day. Conclusion: It was concluded that cigarette smoking alters PT, APTT, platelet and fibrinogen values, while age, duration of smoking and number of cigarettes per day were determinant factors to the extent of coagulation dysfunction in smokers.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cigarette smoking is one of the major causes of cancer and cardiovascular diseases leading to millions of premature deaths each year all over the world. Scientists have identified about 4,000 different substances in tobacco all of which have certain degree of toxic effects. At least 43 of them are known carcinogens. Cigarette smoking is an important and independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disorders. Apart from active smokers, passive-smokers are also prone for the development of smoking related disorders. Smoking adversely affects the concentration of the coagulation profiles which causes abnormalities in circulation. Aim and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking on coagulation profile in chronic smoking population. Materials and methods: This present study was a case‐control study conducted among 50 smokers (subjects) and 50 non‐smokers (controls) aged 20‐50. Coagulation profile markers such as Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen levels were estimated with standard methods. Results: The results showed that the mean values of PT and APTT of smokers were significantly prolonged compared to non-smokers (P < 0.05), while platelet and fibrinogen levels were significantly lowered in smokers compared to non-smokers (P < 0.05). PT and APTT were also significantly prolonged with increasing duration of smoking as well as number of cigarettes per day, while there was a relative decrease in platelet and fibrinogen levels with increasing duration and number per day. Conclusion: It was concluded that cigarette smoking alters PT, APTT, platelet and fibrinogen values, while age, duration of smoking and number of cigarettes per day were determinant factors to the extent of coagulation dysfunction in smokers.
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Though there are studies to show protective effect of glutathione against neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, the present study was designed to investigate the cardio protective effect of glutathione against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats by demonstrating the changes in serum cardiac markers, antioxidant enzymes and ECG changes. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups namely control (GI), glutathione (GII), isoproterenol (GIII) and glutathione + isoproterenol treated (GIV). Glutathione treated group-received glutathione (200 mg/kg body wt) orally for 30 days. Myocardial infarction was induced in rats by isoproterenol administration (100mg/kg) subcutaneously (sc) at an interval of 24 hrs on 31st and 32nd day cardiac marker enzymes, ECG, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes were assessed 24 hrs after the last dose of isoproterenol. Isoproterenol showed changes in ECG pattern, increase in serum level of cardiac marker, increased lipid per oxidation and decreased antioxidant defense system in heart. Glutathione pretreatment brings almost all the parameters to near normal level in isoproterenolinduced myocardial infarction in rats. The present study revealed that glutathione ameliorates cardiac damage in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats due to potent antioxidant, free radical scavenging effect, myocardial adaptation at cellular and organ levels.
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Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the colon is an aggressive entity. We report a 41-year-old man with a combination of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cecum, treated by right hemicolectomy and ileo-transverse anastomosis. Postoperatively he received adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the tumor recurred at the original site within two months and thereafter the patient was lost to follow up.